INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS


COURSE HOMEPAGE     STUDENT RESOURCES



Please note: At your instructor's discretion, there may be minor alterations to the reading assignments listed below. One of the major advantages to providing you with an on-line readings archive is that timely articles can be added or substituted when appropriate. Opening documents downloaded from this website will require that your computer have Acrobat Reader . You will also need the class-specific password to open individual files.

Unit 1. Understanding and predicting state behavior in the modern state system

Some handy resources for the unit:


WEEK 1
January 5 (M)—What will you learn in this course?

  • During the first week of the course, please review the resources listed above, so you know where to find important information during the term. Then, complete these assignments for Wednesday:
  • If you haven't seen it yet, HPU requires faculty to show students this security-related presentation (regarding what to do if there is an active shooter event) on the first day of classes: https://highpoint.canto.com/b/H7QQU  (Video length is 6:45.)

  • Make sure you have access to the the textbook for this course. You also will need a subscription to Norton Publishing's InQuizitive package for this textbook. There are five ways to get access to the textbook and testing program:

    • (1) Hard copies of the texbook and InQuizitive test registration cards are available at the bookstore.

    • (2) If you choose to rent an electronic copy of the textbook for the semester through the bookstore, you will access the textbook and locate your Inquizitive registration code through the Yuzo application, which is described here:
      https://highpoint.bncollege.com/digital-learning-faqs

    • (3) Alternatively, ebooks with a registration code for the InQuizitive system can also be rented directly online at the publisher's website, providing instant access to both resources for under $50. See: https://digital.wwnorton.com/essir9. If you rent your textbook this way, you will just log-in at the publisher's website each time you access the materials.

    • (4) If you have purchased your textbook elsewhere, you can purchase a registration code for just the InQuisitive system at the publisher's website: See: https://digital.wwnorton.com/essir9.

    • (5) If you still are waiting for your book to arrive, the publisher's website will let you set up a trial subscription to access the book and quizzes at no cost for a couple of weeks.

When purchasing InQuizitive for the first time on the Norton website, complete the sign-up and payment information and leave the “Registration Code” field blank unless your textbook purchase included an InQuizitive code (e.g., a new hard-copy book bundle). If you purchased electronic textbook access through the campus bookstore, your InQuizitive registration code is available in the Yuzu application.

As you register or sign in to take a quiz, you may be prompted for a unique or student id; with the way I have adjusted the settings, you should leave this field blank and just continue to register.

Once you have registered and obtained access to InQuizitive, you MUST enter a "student set" code for me to see your quiz work; if you do not enter a code or enter the wrong one, I will not have access to your quiz results

  • If you are in the 9:15 section, your student set/code is: 985538.

  • If you are in the 10:40 section, your student set/code is: 985540.

  • If you enter the wrong set number, I will not receive your quizzes. If you have been taking quizzes but receive a note from me indicating that I am no seeing that you have registered for InQuizitive, see this link to make sure you have linked your quizzes correctly.
  • Once you are registered to take quizzes, take a quick look at this website to see how your InQuizitive chapter tests are graded: https://wwnorton.knowledgeowl.com/help/inquizitive-students-grading. One of the big pluses to using this online quiz system is that you can still do well on a quiz where you have missed some questions as long as you answer additional items.


Jan 7 (W)—What is the study of "International Relations" about?

  • In class, you will be asked to fill out a quick form with information about you. This will be a way for me to test your access to an Honorlock assignment. Please make sure that you have HonorLock ready to go. Most of you have used Honorlock in classes before. If not:
    Ahead of class, you will need to have Chrome installed and HonorLock added as a browser extension.

    Google Chrome can be downloaded and installed here:
    https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346
    .
    The HonorLock Chrome extension can be loaded following instructions available here:
    https://app.honorlock.com/install/extension
    .


  • Ahead of this class, take your first InQuizitive quiz: https://digital.wwnorton.com/168310. This is an easy-peasy but graded assignment to make sure that you understand the basics of how to use InQuizitive. Let me know if you have any problems with the set up.

Important: Unless you are given other instructions, quizzes need to be completed within three days of the date where they are listed in the schedule. In this case, you need to have this quiz completed by no later than Friday.

  • Ahead of class, look at your weekly schedule and determine when you are typically going to study for this class on an ongoing basis. You will make things a lot easier on yourself if you use three strategies:

(1) Keep up with the homework readings as they are assigned. Each class meeting's reading load is manageable; trying to complete more than a week of homework reading at a time is going to be a big challenge that I would like you to avoid.

(2) Know what you are looking for in each reading by frequently reviewing the unit study guide.

(3) Summarize readings as you complete them and either take reading notes or use a highlighting system so that you don't need to re-read entire documents ahead of exams and paper assignments. You will save yourself much time and energy if you do nothing more than highlight a small portion of what you are reading, including each article's main arguments and examples of supporting evidence. 

  • Ahead of class, take a look at the draft study guide for the first course unit, which is in the PPT/Assignments file. The first versions of the study guides are draft documents because the course always changes from one year to the next, as new political events take place and I replace some of the readings. I typically will revise the study guides modestly a couple of time during each unit, but for the most part, the final versions of these guides will look much like what you have available from the start of each unit. You will have the final version of each unit's study guide at least a week ahead of the test.

January 9 (F)—Getting started with some basic concepts

  • Read pages 2-10 (up to "Actors and Influence") of this scanned chapter (OCR-enabled), which is from the introduction to a textbook that is much more detail orientated than the one you will be reading most of this term). This reading provides definitions and examples for several of the key concepts scholars use to think about and predict state behavior. IR--at its core--is about understanding why countries do what they do so that behaviors can be predicted and collective problems addressed. After reading these pages, you should be able to to explain three principles that help to explain state behavior. Remember, the password to open locked PDF files for this class is: icecream

  • Next, read only the first section of "Tools of State Craft" in Chapter 5 (Statecraft) of your Mingst textbook. The assigned reading ends where the chapter begins to discuss "Models of Foreign Policy Decision Making." Think about how the tools that are described fit into the three strategies that states use to get what they want as discussed by Pevehouse and Goldstein in the reading you just completed. The various tools of statecraft can be grouped into four types of power--hard, soft, sticky, and sharp--which will be the focus of the next two reading assignments. 

  • Take this InQuizitive test: https://digital.wwnorton.com/258001. As a reminder, access the assigned textbook chapters by following the links in the schedule. This is a truncated version of the Chapter 5 quiz--follow the link, and don't take the full one. This quiz only has 11 questions. Remember to keep answering questions--even if you have seen them before--until you have earned an A on the quiz and feel confident that you understand the material. For all of the textbook quizzes you CAN use your book while taking them.

WEEK 2

Jan. 12, 14, 16 (M, W, F)—One of the important predictors of how states will act what kind of power resources they have and which power techniques they emphasize 

This week’s readings build directly on last week’s homework from Greenstein and Pevehouse, as well as the sections you reviewed in Chapter 5 of the textbook. Together, these readings outline the major types of power that states can use to influence other countries’ behavior. 

  • Walter Russell Mead, "America's Sticky Power" (Foreign Policy, 2004, 6pp). Important to note before you read this article: Mead uses the terms "sharp" and "hard" power interchangeably, but his article compares what we will be calling "hard" (that is blunt force), "sticky," (economic) and "soft" (cultural and diplomatic) power. After Mead wrote this article, IR specialists re-purposed the term "sharp power" (you will read about what we now call "sharp power" in the next article). Sharp power refers a state's efforts to change another state's behavior by manipulating public opinion or political, social, and economic institutions within a target society.

  • Jill Kastner and William C. Wohlforth. "A Measure Short of War: The Return of Great-Power Subversion" (Foreign Policy, 2021, 10pp). The article uses the term "subversion" to refer to what most political scientists now call "sharp" power. The reason why I assigned this particular article is because most recent writing on soft power focuses on Chinese, Iranian, and Russian efforts to manipulate foreign institutions and populations without acknowledging that a long-standing practice by the US, as well.


WEEK 3
Jan. 19 (M) and 21 (W)

No class on Martin Luther King Day), but please review the materials below in addition to your reading for Wednesday) 

  • "Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in his own words" (Democracy Now, 2011). Listen to Dr. King's words from about 3min 20 sec. into the video roughly through 20min 20sec. Listen to Dr. King’s words from approximately 3 minutes and 20 seconds into the video through about 20 minutes and 20 seconds. The clip of interest begins with, “After 1954, they watched us conspire,” and ends with, “Every society must now develop an overriding loyalty to mankind as a whole in order to preserve the best in their individual societies."

  • David E. Sanger, et al. "Trump Lays Out a Vision of Power Restrained Only by ‘My Own Morality’" The New York Times (January 2026, 3pp). The brief article synthesizes an interview President Trump gave after removing the leader of Venezuela without US Congressional or UN Security Council approval.

    The primary reason you are being asked to read these two selections is that they represent opposite ends of American thinking about which forms of power should be used in U.S. foreign policy and for what purposes that power should be applied. To place Dr. King’s argument in its historical context, you should also read the full transcript of his speech “Beyond Vietnam,” which is available on the program’s website (it is the first of the two speeches featured). The transcript can be accessed through a link that appears once the video begins. As you read and listen, focus especially on Dr. King’s views regarding the use of U.S. force to achieve nationalist goals. Because King's remarks were delivered in 1967 in the context of the Vietnam War, you should critically assess how applicable King’s concerns are to U.S. foreign policy today. What specific criticisms does he raise about the role of the United States in global politics, its motivations in foreign policy, and its use of power? Why does he call for the United States to lead a “revolution in values,” and which values does he believe should be prioritized in the international system? Finally, to what extent do American foreign policy values appear to be changing under the current administration, and which of King’s recommendations and moral appeals might still be relevant to contemporary global events?


On Wednesday, we will finish up the discussion of the different types of power used in international relations, and you will complete a BlackBoard participation exercise on the two readings I assigned for MLK day. If you were absent or had issues using HonorLock, please complete the exercise after class. To keep the daily reading load manageable, start the reading on the modern state system:

As a reminder before you start the readings in this class, it is always a good idea to review the set of focus questions that is in the PPTs/Assignments folder (link on the course homepage), so you know in advance what you need to read with care. At the start of the class, I am assigning readings ahead of when this material will be covered in class so that you don't have lots of reading all at one time.

  • You will have a homework quiz in Blackboard for the scanned textbook reading material that is posted for Wednesday and Friday. Reading quizzes in BlackBoard are designed so that you can complete them as you are reviewing the materials. In other words, the items in the quiz appear in the same order in which they are covered in a reading. Please note that quiz items are not necessarily the most important material in the homework; instead, items are spaced so that you will be rewarded for staying engaged as you are going through of the parts of the materials I would like you to review. See the study guide in the PPTs folder for the material that will be most relevant to class and your Unit 1 test several weeks from now.

  • Watch Jon Green's "Modern Revolution" on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4Zdmd4J7T. This video does a nice job of placing the development of the modern state into the broader context of the social, economic, and political revolutions that accompanied the unification of the world's regions and economy starting in the 1400s. Watch the whole video (13 min or so), and pay special attention starting at 9min:50sec and forward, which offers a brief explanation for why the industrial revolution and a Western-orientated, state-centered international system consolidated in the West despite the fact that China was more advanced than Western Europe and elsewhere in numerous ways.

  • Start to read "The Emergence of the Modern State System" (Shimko, 32pp). The main reason this reading is assigned is so that you can be familiar with why and how the international state system initially emerged and when its most important contemporary characteristics were added. For this class, read only the first part of the chapter focusing on the various historical "revolutions" and global war in Europe that led to emergence the modern state system.

As you start to read Shimko's chapter, complete the first 10 items on this assignment's reading quiz, which is posted in BlackBoard. Instructors cannot link directly to a quiz, so you will need to log-in to BlackBoard to open the quiz. The test is not timed, so  when you have read what you need to answer the first ten questions, hit the button to "Save and Close" the quiz, so that you can return to it once you are ready to to start the second block of reading later in the week.

Jan. 23 (F)—What is “the modern state system"? When and why did it develop?

  • Read the remainder of "The Emergence of the Modern State System"

  • Finish the readings quiz for Shimko's chapter. For the reading quizzes in BlackBoard, any grade of 85% or higher will be recorded as an A, and you will need to answer at least 75% of the items correctly to earn a B. If you answer at least 50% of the items correctly you will earn a D. For BlackBoard quizzes only, C grades are not given. You may retake each BlackBoard quiz multiple times to improve your score, if you would like. This should be unnecessary if you complete the quizzes as you go, since the quiz items appear in the same order as the answers are covered in the reading. Quiz grades will post automatically, and only your highest attempt will be recorded.

Note that the highly detailed information you are asked about on the reading quizzes is not material you are expected to memorize and retain long term. The reading quizzes are meant to serve mainly as an attention check; I am using them to help you stay focused as you read and remember some examples that you can use later on test essays. For the most part, the BlackBoard homework quiz items are more specific than anything I would require you to know on an exam, and any key facts or definitions that appear on unit tests will have been covered in your study guides and class PPTs..


Week 4

January 26 (M), 28 (W), 30 (F)—Leaders, the sociopolitical structures, or the international system? Which "level" of analysis allows us to best predicts countries do?


On Monday, we will finish up on the key features of the international state system and subsequent developments.

Due to the snow storm, we will not have class on Monday. I have recorded and posted a two-part screencast lecture (the University asked us to hold class remotely today so as to avoid adding a make-up day):


On Wednesday. we will focus on how differences in leaders shape international politics

  • Most of the the reading this block of materials is from Mingst and Arreguin-Toft textbook, Chp. 4, "Levels of Analysis." We are going to tackle this chapter in reverse order (looking at individuals, state structure, and then international system).

  • Start off by reading the first part of the chapter up to "The Intl. System" and then skip to "The Individual," where you should read all of the sections on what causes leaders to make the decisions they make ).


On Friday and carrying over into next week, we will focus on how country-level political and economic systems shape political behavior

As announced at the start of the semester, we will not have class on Friday. The materials assigned for today will be covered on Monday.

  • Read the sections in your "Levels of Analysis" textbook chapter (same one from earlier this week) on "The International System" and "The State" as sources of international behavior.
  • Take the InQuizitive test for this textbook chapter by Monday, February 2: https://digital.wwnorton.com/168314.


Week 5
Monday Feb. 2—How do countries' economic and political differences predictably shape their behavior within the international system? 

Snow day, so we were asked to teach online. To avoid technical glitches, and hoping that we will be in class in person on Wednesday, I recorded a two-part presentation. 

The first part finishes up our look at the leaders-specific and individual-level factors that how countries behave in international politics:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7v08SEwfd0

And second part looks at how national-political differences allow us to anticipate state behavior, especially aggression:
https://youtu.be/n0A-7Ndjqd0 

If you have not done so already, make sure to finish up Mingst and Arreguin-Toft textbook, Chp. 4, "Levels of Analysis" and take the InQuizitive test for this textbook chapter by Monday, February 2: https://digital.wwnorton.com/168314. This is the same quiz that is linked above and in BlackBoard.

Wednesday and Friday Feb. 4 and 6—What do "realist" theories tell us about the international system's influence on countries' behavior?

  • For Wednesday, read the first third of Mingst and Arreguin-Toft textbook, Chp. 3, "International Relations Theories." Review only up to (i.e., not including) the section Liberalism, paying very close attention to the sections on realism and neorealism.

  • Also for Wednesday: What would a realist US foreign policy look like, and is Pres. Trump a realist?: Andrew Byers and Randall L. Schweller, "Trump the Realist: The Former President Understands the Limits of American Power." Foreign Affairs, Dec. 2024, 8pp.

  • In class on Wednesday, you will be asked to complete an HonorLocked participation assignment to verify that HonorLock is working well on your computer ahead of our test. 

  • For Friday, finish Arreguin-Toft textbook, Chp. 3, and take its InQuizitive: https://digital.wwnorton.com/168313. We will go over liberalism and constructivism next week after the exam, but completing this reading and the chapter quiz now will help you to do well on the test. 


Week 6

Monday, February, 9: In-class exam 1. Earlier in the term, I posted a study guide to help you prepare for the exam. It is in the PPT/handouts file. Any final edits to that guide will be made by the Friday before the exam. As you prepare for the test, you also should review the handout explaining how grades on test questions and in-class essays are assigned.

Well ahead of the exam, verify that Honorlock is working on your computer; if you have had issues, see IT for assistance. If HonorLock is not working for you during the exam, you will need to complete the exam on paper. 


The material for Unit 2 will be accessed on its own schedule page, which you can access from the course homepage.